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Embedding Foundational Learning in Orangi District (Karachi West)

By Baela Raza Jamil

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Each time I visit Orangi District (earlier Karachi West) I am reminded of my meetings with Pakistan’s famous social scientist-activist Mr. Akhtar Hameed Khan synonymous with self-reliance, community led development, innovations and believer in the role of public and private sector and community for human development especially in vulnerable urban settlements for the poor. Addressing the challenges of both out of school children (OOSC) and those in school, but at risk due to low or no learning in Orangi, it is only natural to think about and emulate AHK’s core principles of agency and ownership by the community. In this case it is the agency of ‘learning’ at the level of the child, along with teachers and parents about ‘learning how to learn’ basic literacy and numeracy. The magic of learning through Teaching at the Right Level (TARL) happens not with age and grade of the student but at the level of the child’s current knowledge. This is the primary principle, the first step to curate a personalized learning journey for the student, where outcomes are assessed for evidence.

On Saturday January 3, 2026, or the third day of the new year I was gifting myself an immersive visit to two campus schools of the School Education Literacy Department (SELD) govt of Sindh. Campus schools have been created as part of the governance and quality reforms of SELD to rationalize the school sprawl and fragmentation towards system coherence across contiguous geographies and buildings, especially in urban areas. On both sites I was taken to the primary sections of the schools where TARL learning was in progress in regular school timings with regular government school teachers and master trainers integrated within school time tables. Remedial learning was clearly part of the school routines recognizing the challenges of foundational learning. In both schools my discussions were first held with the section in-charge to understand her ideas about the program being rolled out since August 2025 covering almost 2 cohorts of learners over 8-10 weeks. I could see that there was a sense of ownership and pride about how the school managed to embed the intervention on remedial and accelerated learning in the regular time table and especially after appreciating the results of the first cohort of students who made significant progress from very low level of learning.  Both said, ‘we had many students in grades 3-5 who were struggling on basics and we have to adhere to the policy of automatic promotion regardless of the students’ capabilities that compromises the basics what to speak of subjects, syllabus and learning competencies; this is a fast moving program delivered by our own teachers and it has come to us as a great relief. We have integrated this in our school routines, adjusted the teachers accordingly for the TARL subjects of language and maths both core areas that are foundational for us”. I was amazed to hear the voices of section heads who had clearly articulated how TARL had found an almost organic home in the two schools. I also witnessed that these school managers were describing the process so vividly, step by step, but it was not visible in their offices or school walls; I wish this was so. What was so refreshing is that the intervention for learning does not offer extra funds or honorarium to the teachers, it is not input driven but outcomes focused. The TARL intervention offers an initial 5-6 days training, school support, learning materials and stationary (one time). I felt reassured about the potential of TARL becoming part of every school in Sindh where school wide teachers at primary level learn the methodology/pedagogy for remedial and accelerated learning bursts in each academic year especially when the first term begins (April-May), and when children return after long summer holidays for the second term (August-September).   

My next stop was to engage with classrooms and spaces where TARL was happening? I was prepared to encounter a few students on the third day of school reopening after the winter break especially when the private schools were reopening on January 5th, 2026; it was plausible within households to have siblings in both government/public and in private schools. In the first school the teachers had combined their 3 ongoing TARL groups into one group for the sessions in English, Urdu and Maths. I was amazed to see how seamlessly the students and teachers moved from one subject area to the other, revising their concepts through pedagogies that are core to TARL. The teachers had used their discretion and innovations to extend the content where they felt the students could now follow, especially with the end line coming up after 10 days. What was even more exciting was to see that the mind map used for mathematics was being used not just to see how No. 10 could be counted in so many ways but also to see the ‘bundles/tens and sticks/units’ activity be merged too. This is the magic of the combined activities for maximised learning (CAMAL), a core principle of TARL. Each group of students had a model home or school in the centre of the circle and I was curious to know what it was all about. The teachers shared that in other ongoing subjects and activities including STEAM initiatives in our school, the students have made many such models. Some brought amazing ones of classification of living things shaped like a hexagon with each classification including “Fungi” and “Bacteria”. We discussed both and I mentioned that in Tharparkar we have fungi growing so beautifully after the rains and I suddenly realized that the students did not know where Tharparkar was in Sindh; the teachers too felt the gaps in geography that must be our next frontier to embed in learning. The students felt good when they could see that there is a link between ‘yoghurt and good bacteria’!  Another student brought his model on the stages of the moon so beautifully crafted; it was a perfect model for understanding fractions through science, language, art and craft and even music- we immediately thought of many songs about the moon in our languages. There were students from Urdu speaking homes, Rohingya and Bengali speaking homes, and some from Pashto too!  It does not take long to push me into singing ‘chanda/moon’ songs. It is my DNA and those of so many students and teachers in the TARL classrooms of Orangi District. 

Ebrahim Ali Bhai GBHS Orangi No 10

Encounters in the second school with students and teachers continued to give me the energy boost. The TARL community was out in the playground playing cricket with a teacher batting and students bowling and fielding counting runs with a makeshift wicket contraption. There was camaraderie for sure. We then moved to the classroom to see TARL learning in action with the letter game, letter square chits in a basket; all singing the rhyming chant and stopping for the student to pick up a letter and make words, and so on.  The charts for students’ baseline and endline marks were well displayed to see the progress on competencies against each assessment to another. Now all students and teachers are waiting for the final one to be put up for each child to mark progress. 

My visit ended on a high with the primary section head in G….  No. 10 saying  “ I have 1280 students in the primary section of the campus school in the morning shift; we have more than 260 students who fit the TARL criteria of poor learning; With 9 teachers trained and one upgraded to be a master trainer both for my school and the district, I feel confident! I have successfully ensured two cohorts thus far with 180 students and now our school will be hosting our last cohort by January 12th, 2026. I shall also be part of the cohort 3 training as a section head starting January 5, 2026 to really deepen my understanding even further about this method. Now I feel hopeful that with our school capacity built I can easily and successfully ensure all my students are learning.”